Platform: Mac; Apple announcement
Introduction and announcement; not a sales date.
Apple source ↗OS X Mountain Lion 10.8 became available from the Mac App Store on July 25, 2012 for US$19.99. June's announcement had specified July without a day. The client and OS X Server were separate purchases, both priced at US$19.99; Server required Mountain Lion.

Apple · Mountain Lion · 2012-06-11 · Apple · Mountain Lion · 2012-07-25
Messages replaced iChat and brought iMessage to the Mac. Notification Center gathered app and system alerts; Notes and Reminders had their own apps integrated with iCloud. Sharing extended across the system. Facebook integration was promised for a later update, not available on the first day.
Apple · Mountain Lion · 2012-06-11 · Apple · Mountain Lion · 2012-07-25
Gatekeeper let users restrict the origin of installed apps; its default accepted the Mac App Store and developers with an Apple Developer ID. Dictation required a microphone and broadband Internet. Power Nap and AirPlay Mirroring had separate supported-Mac lists: being able to install Mountain Lion did not guarantee those features.
Apple · Mountain Lion · 2012-06-11 · Apple · Mountain Lion · Technical specifications
General requirements were OS X 10.6.8 or later, 2 GB of memory and 8 GB free, plus an Apple-supported model. The list included iMac from Mid 2007 and Mac mini from Early 2009, among others, not every Intel Mac. The security archive dates 10.8.5 to September 12, 2013 and its supplemental update to October 3: selected milestones, not every point release.
Apple · Mountain Lion · 2012-07-25 · Apple · Mountain Lion · Technical specifications · Apple · Security archive · 2013
Selected releases, not a complete history. Dates follow Apple's release records, not the latest page edit. No builds are included.
ISO date: year-month-day.
Platform: Mac; Apple announcement
Introduction and announcement; not a sales date.
Apple source ↗Platform: Mac OS X client
Available to download that day, according to Apple.
Apple source ↗Platform: Mac OS X client
Release date recorded by Apple; client update.
Apple source ↗Platform: Mac OS X client
Supplemental update, not a new major version.
Apple source ↗